Try this beautiful problem from the American Invitational Mathematics Examination I, AIME I, 1988 based on function.
For any positive integer k, let \(f_1(k)\) denote the square of the sum of the digits of k. For \(n \geq 2\), let \(f_n(k)=f_1(f_{n-1}(k))\), find \(f_{1988}(11)\).
Functions
Equations
Algebra
Answer: is 169.
AIME I, 1988, Question 2
Functional Equation by Venkatchala
\(f_1(11)=4\)
or, \(f_2(11)=f_1(4)=16\)
or, \(f_3(11)=f_1(16)=49\)
or, \(f_4(11)=f_1(49)=169\)
or, \(f_5(11)=f_1(169)=256\)
or, \(f_6(11)=f_1(256)=169\)
or, \(f_7(11)=f_1(169)=256\)
This goes on between two numbers with this pattern, here 1988 is even,
or, \(f_1988(11)=f_4(11)=169\).